Cancer of the plasma cells is called multiple myeloma. White blood cells (WBCs) found in the bone marrow help protect the body, while antibodies protect the body from infection or disease. However, when the body starts accumulating abnormal cells in the bone marrow that interfere with the production of normal cells, it causes multiple myeloma. Low bone density, infection, and reduction in normal blood cells can be caused by abnormal growth in the bone marrow.

The exact cause of cancer in the plasma cells is unknown but the risk factors for multiple myeloma include family history, age, and one’s overall health. Although it is not possible to cure multiple myeloma completely, proper medication and treatment can help relieve the symptoms. Being aware of the risk factors for multiple myeloma can also help with timely diagnosis.

Multiple myeloma can be categorized into two types:

• Indolent myeloma
  In indolent myeloma, there is an increase in the growth of plasma cells. But, it does not cause tumors in the bones. Also known as smoldering multiple myeloma, this condition does not cause any symptoms.
• Solitary plasmacytoma
  Also known as extramedullary, a tumor develops due to the growth of abnormal plasma cells. It is called solitary as one tumor is present in the plasma cells. The only sign exhibited by people suffering from this condition is pain where the tumor has developed.

Complications caused due to multiple myeloma include the following conditions:

1. Low blood count
Increase in the number of WBCs causes a shortage of red blood cells (RBCs) which has the following effects:

• Anemia
  Weakness, shortness of breath, and dizziness are some signs exhibited by people who become anemic due to a low count of RBCs.
• Thrombocytopenia
  When the RBC count is low, even a minor cut can cause severe blood loss.
• Leukopenia
  A low count of WBCs lowers immunity and the body is unable to protect itself from infections.

2. Impaired immunity

Multiple myeloma lowers the levels of antibodies in the body, causing low immunity, making it more susceptible to infections. Therefore, being informed about the risk factors for multiple myeloma can help avoid this. Ensure that vaccinations are given on time and a healthy diet is consumed.

3. Bone loss or damage

Bones become weak and brittle due to multiple myeloma and cause bone pain. It also increases the risk of fractures and interferes with bone growth. Proper medication and regular exercises can help reduce bone damage. Learning about the risk factors for multiple myeloma can help start the necessary treatments.

• Hypercalcemia
  Excess calcium from the bones is released into the bloodstream due to bone loss. This is known as hypercalcemia. Increased levels of calcium can increase the risk of cardiac arrest.
• Kidney failure
  Increased levels of proteins and calcium in the bloodstream can disturb the normal functioning of the kidneys and cause kidney failure. The urge to urinate decreases, which is a key symptom of kidney problems. A well-hydrated body can improve the functioning of the kidneys and prevent damage.